Clinical and Radiologic Outcome of Intertrochanteric Fracture Treatment Using TFNA (Trochanteric Fixation Nail-Advanced)

Purpose@#This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of TFNA (Trochanteric Fixation NailAdvanced; Depuy Synthes) for the treatment of proximal femur fractures. @*Materials and Methods@#This was a retrospective study of 64 patients diagnosed with a proximal femur fracture from January 2019 to November 2019. The patient’s demographic data, preoperatively and postoperatively Koval grade, modified Harris hip score, EQ-5D (Euro-Qol-5 Dimension), sliding and advancement of the blade, radiologic outcome, and complications were investigated. @*Results@#Fifty patients were available for evaluation at one year postoperatively. The patients reported the following: the Koval grade decreased after surgery; the modified Harris hip score decreased from 78.56±8.88 to 72.74±6.59 (p=0.149); the mean EQ-5D decreased from 0.75±0.09 to 0.72±0.06 (p=0.000). Satisfactory reduction was achieved on a postoperative radiographic examination in 47 patients in six months. Complications occurred in seven cases. @*Conclusion@#TFNA is considered an appropriate implant for treating intertrochanteric fractures of the femur with a minimum follow-up of one year.

Clinical and Radiologic Outcome of Intertrochanteric Fracture Treatment Using TFNA (Trochanteric Fixation Nail-Advanced)

Purpose@#This study evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of TFNA (Trochanteric Fixation NailAdvanced; Depuy Synthes) for the treatment of proximal femur fractures. @*Materials and Methods@#This was a retrospective study of 64 patients diagnosed with a proximal femur fracture from January 2019 to November 2019. The patient’s demographic data, preoperatively and postoperatively Koval grade, modified Harris hip score, EQ-5D (Euro-Qol-5 Dimension), sliding and advancement of the blade, radiologic outcome, and complications were investigated. @*Results@#Fifty patients were available for evaluation at one year postoperatively. The patients reported the following: the Koval grade decreased after surgery; the modified Harris hip score decreased from 78.56±8.88 to 72.74±6.59 (p=0.149); the mean EQ-5D decreased from 0.75±0.09 to 0.72±0.06 (p=0.000). Satisfactory reduction was achieved on a postoperative radiographic examination in 47 patients in six months. Complications occurred in seven cases. @*Conclusion@#TFNA is considered an appropriate implant for treating intertrochanteric fractures of the femur with a minimum follow-up of one year.

Results of Exchange Nailing in Hypertrophic Nonunion of Femoral Shaft Fracture Treated with Nailing

PURPOSE: This study examined the outcomes of exchange nailing for the hypertrophic nonunion of femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing as well as the factors affecting the treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1999 to March 2015, 35 patients, who had undergone intramedullary nailing with a femoral shaft fracture and underwent exchange nailing due to hypertrophic nonunion, were reviewed. This study investigated the time of union and complications, such as nonunion after exchange nailing, and analyzed the factors affecting the results. RESULTS: Bone union was achieved in 31 cases (88.6%) after exchange nailing and the average bone union period was 22 weeks (14–44 weeks). Complications included persistent nonunion in four cases, delayed union in one case, and superficial wound infection in one case. All four cases with nonunion were related to smoking, three of them were distal shaft fractures, and one was a midshaft fracture with underlying disease. CONCLUSION: Exchange nailing produced satisfactory results as the treatment of hypertrophic nonunion after intramedullary nailing. Smoking is considered a factor for continuing nonunion even after exchange nailing. In the case of a distal shaft, where the intramedullary fixation is relatively weak, additional efforts are needed for stability.

Hip Arthroscopy of a Painful Hip with Borderline Dysplasia / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: Hip arthroscopy has been considered for treating hip dysplasia; however, its efficacy is still a matter of controversy. Here, we report outcomes of patients with borderline dysplasia treated with a contemporary hip arthroscopy technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven hips with borderline hip dysplasia were treated using hip arthroscopy. Patients underwent procedures to correct torn labrums or ligamentum teres with additional procedure on the acetabular capsule. Patient outcomes were assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) and patient satisfaction. Risk factors for poor prognosis were also investigated. RESULTS: The mean follow up period was 25.9 months. At the last follow up, mean VAS score decreased from 6.1±1.6 to 3.5±2.8 (P=0.016). The mHHS and NHAS at the last follow up improved from 61.0±7.6 to 78.6±19.5 (P=0.001) and 62.1±7.5 to 80.0±18.5 (P=0.002), respectively. While significant improvement was observed in all patient reported outcome measures tested, 19 (40.4%) hips indicated that “the operation was unsatisfactory.” The only factor shown to influence outcomes was preoperative VAS (i.e., worse scores potentially an indicator of poor outcomes). CONCLUSION: The results of the current study indicate that arthroscopic management may be beneficial for a subset of patients with borderline dysplasia; however, the dissatisfaction rate associated with this treatment approach may be as high as 40%. The poor preoperative pain score appears to be the sole indicator for poor outcomes.

Effect of Spine-Pelvis Relationship in Total Hip Arthroplasty / 대한고관절학회지

When spine-pelvic motion is normally coordinated, the pelvis may tilt posteriorly and acetabular anteversion may increase as the patient's position changes from standing to sitting; this scenario allows for improved clearance of the femoral head and neck during hip flexion. However, changes in the mobility of the spine and pelvis may result in impingement after total hip arthroplasty (THA), with the most obvious complication being dislocation. Understanding the spinal-pelvic relationship in the sagittal plane is essential for planning THA in patients with spinal fusion or a known spine disease. Careful attention should be payed to the cup position when performing THA on patients with an increased risk of dynamic impingement.

The Usefulness of Blocking Screw in Intramedullary Nail of Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Fracture / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of blocking screws in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients with distal tibial metaphyseal fractures, who underwent intramedullary nailing treatment with blocking screws between January 2012 and December 2014 and had a minimum follow-up of 1 year, were retrospectively reviewed for analysis. There were 7 patients with open fracture and 4 patients with intra-articular fracture. The location of the blocking screws was previously determined according to the fracture pattern. Moreover, the preoperative and postoperative angular alignment was measured. Patients received regular postoperative radiographic check-up, and the time-to-bone union and the incidence of nonunion were recorded. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the modified functional Kalstrom-Olerud score. RESULTS: All fractures healed completely without nonunion at an average of 17.7 weeks. The mean coronal/sagittal alignment improved from 6.4/4.8 degrees preoperatively to 2.5/1.9 degrees postoperatively. The alignment was maintained until complete union. There were 3 cases of anterior knee pain but no complications related to the blocking screw and wound infection. Using a modified functional Karlstrom-Olerud score, the outcome was considered good to excellent in 83.4% of the patient cohort. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the blocking screws may help the maintenance of reduction and alignment in distal tibial metaphyseal fractures treated with intramedullary nailing.

Perioperative Comparison of Hip Arthroplasty Using the Direct Anterior Approach with the Posterolateral Approach / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of the current study is to report the advantage and disadvantage of total hip arthroplasty performed in direct anterior approach (DAA) by comparing it to the posterolateral approach (PLA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five hip arthroplasty done in DAA (12 total hip arthroplasty [THA] and 13 bipolar hemiarthroplasty [BHA]) were compared with the same number done in PLA (13 THA and 12 BHA). Intraoperative assessments including operation time, anesthetic time, bleeding amount were recorded with intraoperative complications. Immediate postoperatively, position of the prosthesis and leg length discrepancy were measured and were compared between the two approaches. RESULTS: The operation time was 22 minutes and 19 minutes longer in DAA for THA and BHA respectively while the anesthetic time difference was 26 and 10 respectively. However, these parameters showed no statistical difference. No significance was found when bleeding amount was compared. For DAA, cup alignment was within safe zone in 100% both for inclination and for anteversion while this was 83.3% and 75.0% respectively in PLA. Leg length difference was 3 mm in DAA and 5 mm in PLA but had no significant difference. Tensor fascia lata tear was the most common complication occurring in 9 patients. CONCLUSION: Although significant was not reached there was trend toward more operation time and anesthetic time when DAA was used. However, the trend also showed that cup and stem were likely to be in more accurate position and in adequate size which is likely due to the accurate use of fluoroscopy.

Pelvic Insufficiency Fracture in Severe Osteoporosis Patient / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features and the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on treatment outcomes of patients with pelvic insufficiency fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients diagnosed with pelvic insufficiency fractures were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had osteoporosis with mean lumbar T score of −3.9 (range, −3.1 to −6.4) and the mean age was 76.5 years. In all cases, simple radiography and computed tomography was used for final diagnosis; additional magnetic resonance imaging and technetium bone scans were used to confirm the diagnosis in 2 and 6 patients, respectively. Initial conservative treatment was used in all cases; treatment with PTH was applied in 5 cases. Radiological follow-up was done every 4 weeks up to 6 months and every 3 months thereafter. Symptom improvement was measured using visual analogue scale (VAS) score. RESULTS: Fractures were located: i) sacrum and pubis (9 cases), ii) isolated sacrum (4 cases) and iii) isolated pubis (2 cases). One case showed fracture displacement and pain aggravation at 4 week follow-up which was treated with percutaneous sacro-iliac fixation using cannulated screws. Duration of bone union was significantly shorter in the patients who used PTH (P<0.05). VAS scores were also lower in the group treated with PTH; however, statistical significance was not reached. CONCLUSION: In patients with osteoporosis, a pelvic insufficiency fracture should be considered if pain is experienced in the pelvic area in the absence of major trauma. While nonoperatic has been shown to be sufficient for treatment, our study shows that PTH therapy shortens treatment period and could be a favorable treatment option.

Comparison of Blood Loss between Neutral Drainage with Tranexamic Acid and Negative Pressure Drainage without Tranexamic Acid Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: There are many methods to reduce massive bleeding during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In our study, tranexamic acid and neutral drainage were used to decrease total blood loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 97 TKA patients from March 2012 to January 2013. In the study group, tranexamic acid was administered and neutral drainage was applied. The study group had group I (unilateral, n=29) and group III (bilateral, n=17). The control group had group II (unilateral, n=35) and group IV (bilateral, n=16). RESULTS: In group I, the drainage volume on the 1st and 2nd postoperative days and the total drainage decreased with statistical significance (p<0.05). Between group III and group IV, group III had less drainage volume. In group III, the drainage volume on the 1st postoperative day and total drainage volume decreased statistically significantly (p<0.05). Between groups I and II, total blood loss showed no statistically significant difference, whereas between groups III and IV, the value was significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous administration of tranexamic acid with neutral drainage for 3 postoperative hours is a recommendable method because it can be helpful in reducing total blood loss in bilateral TKA.

On the Occasion of PMC Registration of Hip & Pelvis / 대한고관절학회지

No abstract available.

Usefulness of Spring Plate for Acetabular Posterior Wall Fracture Including Small Fragment

PURPOSE: We applied internal fixation using a spring plate against an acetabular posterior wall fracture including small fragments and then evaluated the clinical and radiological results and want to understand the usefulness of the spring plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients in whom fixation was difficult using leg screws or a metal plate because of a small bone fragment, in patients with posterior wall acetabular fractures who presented in our hospital since August of 2011 to March of 2014 were enrolled. The mean age was 42.6 years (range 24-54 years) with relatively young patients, and they were followed-up for at least one year. We analyzed the rate of reduction after surgery using the classification of Matta in radiographs, and the classification of Borrelli in 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and clinical results were evaluated using the clinical grading system. RESULTS: There were five cases of anatomical reduction, 9 cases of imperfect reduction, and 1 case of unsatisfactory reduction according to the classification of Matta. Except for one case during the follow-up period, the union of bone was successful without failure of fixation and the clinical results were 6 cases of excellence, 8 cases of good, and 1 case of failure. Articular displacement was also evaluated in postoperative CT scan according to Borrelli's criteria. The mean of gap and step off was 2.04 mm, 1.3 mm. CONCLUSION: Use of leg screw fixation and so on in posterior wall fractures including a small fragment of the acetabular rim is not easy. However the method using spring plate fixation enables relatively accurate reduction and fixation for a small fragment and the clinical outcome showed satisfactory results.

The Correlation between the Fracture Types and the Complications after Internal Fixation of the Femoral Neck Fractures / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: This study aims to determine the correlation between the fracture patterns and the complications in patients with femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprises 45 patients with femoral neck fracture treated with multiple screws or compression hip screw between May 2008 and April 2012. The mean age was 48 years at the time of the surgery and the mean duration from initial injury to surgery was 20 hours. The fracture patterns were identified according to the anatomical location, the Garden classification and the Pauwels classification. The occurrence of nonunion and avascular necrosis were reviewed with clinical results including Harris hip score and Lunceford hip function test. The correlation between the fracture pattern and occurrence of complications were analyzed. RESULTS: Fracture site union was achieved in 40 hips with the average union time of 17 weeks. Five nonunions occurred which showed high likelihood to occur in subcapital type, displaced (Garden stage III or IV) and Pauwels type III fractures (P0.05). The mean Harris hip score was 91 points, and Lunceford functional results were excellent in 15 hips, good in 24, fair in 4 and poor in 2. CONCLUSION: There was high risk of nonunion in subcapital type fracture, displaced fracture (Garden stage III and IV) and vertically oriented fracture (Pauwels type III). Careful attention is needed in these fracture types.

Treatment of Femur Subtrochanteric Fracture Using the Intramedullary Long Nail; Comparison of Closed Reduction and Minimal Open Reduction / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate methods for treatment of femur subtrochanteric fractures using the intramedullary long nail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 44 patients (44 cases) who were available for follow-up for at least one year. The patients had undergone intramedullary fixation specifically with a long nail for traumatic femur subtrochanteric fractures during the period from June 2005 to May 2012 in Chosun University Hospital. The study compares two groups. For group 1, closed reduction was attempted, and group 2 underwent minimal open reduction. Group 1 included 27 cases, and group 2 included 17 cases. Study parameters included injury mechanism, fracture classification according to the Seinsheimer type, nail design, size of skin incision, alignment, bony union time, malunion or nonunion, and complications. RESULTS: Bony union times were 19.4 weeks (group 1) versus 21.4 weeks (group 2), but there were no statistical differences between the two groups with respect to gender, injury mechanism, fracture classification, or nail design. However, there were significant differences between the two groups with respect to skin incision, malalignment, and complications. Gender, injury mechanism, fracture classification, nail design, size of skin incision, minimal open reduction or close reduction, did not show a significant relationship with bony union. However, in cases of malalignment, the possibility of malunion increased 1.5 times per 1degrees increase in malaligment. CONCLUSION: In treatment of femur subtrochanteric fracture using intramedullary nail, nonunion rate increases when malalignment occurs. Therefore, anatomical reduction with minimal open reduction is necessary if closed reduction is not satisfactory.

Bipolar Hemarthroplasty Using Cementless Conical Stem for Treatment of Dorr Type B and C Femoral Neck Fracture / 대한고관절학회지

PURPOSE: The current study aims to evaluate the clinical and the radiological outcome of bipolar hemiarthroplasty using cementless cone stem to treat osteoporotic femoral neck fracture and compare the results according to the proximal femur geometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five hips (75 patients) that underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cementless cone stem between September 2006 and December 2011 were analyzed. The minimum follow-up period was 3 years. Thirty-three hips were classified as type B and 41 as type C. The clinical outcome was assessed using Harris hip score and the walking ability score. Radiographic evaluation was performed to evaluate the stability of the prosthesis. RESULTS: At the most recent follow up, the mean Harris hip score was 86 (range, 70-92) and 65% recovered to preoperative ambulatory status. In the radiographic exam, stable stem fixation was achieved in all cases. For the complications, eight hips developed deep vein thrombosis while three hips showed heterotopic ossification. Dislocation and delayed deep infection occurred in one hip resepectively. There were no significance differences in Harris hip score and walking ability score when the type B group was compare with the type C. CONCLUSION: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cementless cone stem showed an excellent early outcome both clinically and radiographically regardless of the shape of the proximal femur. We believe this prosthesis can provide early stability to the Dorr type B and C femur and is an effective treatment for treating osteoporotic femoral neck fracture.

Treatment for Concurrent Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures Using Reconstruction Nail with Temporary K-Wires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of operative treatment using a reconstruction nail after temporary K-wire fixation of the femoral neck for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 11 cases were treated, which were followed-up for more than two years, between August 2007 and July 2012. The average age was 51 years (29-69 years) and men were dominant counting eight cases. All cases were operated with a reconstruction nail after temporary K-wire fixation of the femoral neck. Bone union periods, alignment, etc. were evaluated by radiological methods and accompanying damage and complications were also investigated. Functional evaluation was performed in accordance with Friedman and Wyman criteria at the last follow-up. RESULTS: The average time for union of the femoral shaft was 22.5 weeks (12-32 weeks), and femoral neck was 13.1 weeks (8-20 weeks). There was no nonunion, and four femoral shaft fractures resulted in delayed union. There was one case of leg length discrepancy more than 2 cm long, but malalignment of more than 10 degrees was not observed. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head did not occur. Functional results were good in eight cases, fair in two cases, and poor in one case. CONCLUSION: Treatment with reconstruction nailing after temporary K-wire fixation of the femoral neck is thought to be a good method which prevents neck displacement and has low complication rates.

The Result of Open Reduction and Mini-Plate Fixation for Displaced Talar Neck Fracture

PURPOSE: We evaluated the complications, radiological and clinical results after operative treatment using a mini-plate for fixation of displaced talar neck fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 20 cases of displaced talar neck fractures from May 2006 to December 2011; we performed a retrospective chart review of 15 patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation using a mini-plate who had more than 2 years of follow-up. According to Hawkin's classification, there were 7 cases of type II fractures and 8 cases of type III fractures. During postoperative 12-16 weeks we checked magnetic resonance imaging. The assessment of clinical results was based on the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale. RESULTS: Mean union period was 11.6 weeks (10-15 weeks). Nonunion and malunion did not occur in all cases. The mean AOFAS score was 88.2 points (80-97 points). There were 5 cases of avascular necrosis. Of these, there were 3 cases of body collapse and 4 cases of post-traumatic arthritis. In the statistical analysis, there was no correlation between the elements including gender, Hawkin's classification and union rates and clinical results. CONCLUSION: Mini-plate fixation of a displaced talar neck fracture is thought to be a good technique, with a low rate of malunion and also showed satisfactory results in radiological and clinical assessment.

Comparison between Autogenous Bone Graft and Allogenous Cancellous Bone Graft in Medial Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with 2-Year Follow-up

PURPOSE: To compare the radiographic and clinical results of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) using autogenous bone graft and allogenous cancellous bone graft for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee with two-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients (52 knees) who underwent medial OWHTO from October 2007 to April. 2010 were included in the study. The patients were divided into group I (n=29) that received an autogenous tricortical bone graft and group II (n=23) that received an allogenous cancellous bone chip graft. The radiographic parameters (preoperative anatomical and mechanical femorotibial angles, modified tibial bone varus angle, and posterior tibial slope), clinical parameters, bone union period, and complications were evaluated from medical records. RESULTS: The radiographic and clinical outcomes did not show significant difference between two groups. The average bone union period was 11.7 weeks in group I and 12.1 weeks in group II. The visual analog scale score on the first postoperative day was significantly higher in group I than group II. CONCLUSIONS: Medial OWHTO using allogenous cancellous bone graft for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee can be considered as an alternative treatment method that provides equivalent radiographic and clinical results of OWHTO using autogenous bone graft and causes less immediate postoperative pain.

Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the Conical Femoral Stem / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of cementless total hip arthroplasty using a conical stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2005 to December 2007, total hip arthroplasty using the conical stem was performed in 47 patients and 51 hips. The most common causes for total hip arthroplaty were osteonecrosis of the femoral head in 32 cases. The mean follow-up period was 74.3 months (range: 62-93 months) and the mean age was 51.2 years (range: 36-84 years). The clinical evaluation included the Harris hip score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and pain on the inguinal area or thigh. Radiographic evaluation was performed for determination of the fixation status of the implant, the radiolucent line, subsidence, loosening and heterotopic ossification around the acetabular cup and the femoral stem. RESULTS: At the most recent follow-up, the mean Harris hip score was 94.1 points and the WOMAC score was 11.3 points. Radiologically, bone ongrowth was seen in all cases without migration of acetabular cup, femoral stem, changing of the position, subsidence and loosening. Complications included two cases of posterior dislocation, one case of heterotopic ossification, and one case of deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSION: Cementless total hip arthroplasty using the conical femoral stem shows good clinical and radiologic results in treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head with normal canal flare index and femur neck fracture with stove pipe type.

Pelvic Bone Fracture with Bladder Rupture / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the injury mechanism of pelvic bone fracture and injury type and treatment of bladder rupture associated with pelvic bone fracture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2002 to February 2011, we treated pelvic bone fracture with bladder rupture in 56 cases with minimal follow up of one year. Each of the 56 cases was classified into groups depending on the mechanism of pelvic fracture (Young classification) and the aspect of bladder rupture (intraperitoneal rupture, extraperitoneal rupture, combined rupture) after which the relationship between the two aspects was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were a total of 56 cases where bladder ruptures occurred in association with pelvic bone fractures; 34 patients were men and 22 patients were women. The average age was 58.2 years (range: 19-84). Traffic accidents were the main cause of pelvic bone fractures with bladder ruptures in 41 cases. The main injury mechanism was lateral compression, and pubic ramus fractures occurred in 38 cases (67.9%). Regarding the classifications of bladder ruptures, there were 17 cases of intraperitoneal rupture, 37 cases of extraperitoneal rupture, and two cases of combined rupture. Operations were performed on all cases of intraperitoneal and combined rupture and on six cases of extraperitoneal rupture. CONCLUSION: Lateral compression was the most common injury of bladder rupture in pelvic bone fracture. Bladder ruptures occurred even in cases where the displacement of pelvic bones was not severe and also in cases of low energy injury.

Treatment of the Acetabular Fracture / 대한고관절학회지

Acetabular fractures resulting from a high-energy injury show variable forms according to each fracture mechanism, and are composed of complex anatomical structures. Plain radiographs accompanying three-dimensional computer tomography is inevitable, because it is necessary to perform a multidirectional imaging analysis as a diagnosis. Conservative treatment, open reduction with internal fixation, percutaneous screw fixation, and primary artificial hip replacement can be performed. Despite the various treatment methods to the associated injuries, such as comminuted fracture, articular surface injury, poor bone quality and etc, are huge burden for the treatment. Further, there are varying complications, such as thromboembolism, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, infection, nerve palsy, heterotopic bone formation and etc. Therefore, physicians need to an accurate classification of fracture and be able to provide rehabilitation, as soon as possible, after rigid internal fixation via open anatomical articular reduction. also In addition, physicians must also pay great attention to prevent complications.